Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen or APAP, is a medication used to treat pain and fever.[9] It is typically used for mild to moderate pain.[9] Evidence of benefit in fever for children is poor.[10] It is often sold in combination with other ingredients such as in many cold medications.[9] In combination with opioid pain medication, paracetamol is used for more severe pain such as cancer pain and after surgery.[11] It is typically used either by mouth or rectally but is also available intravenously.[9][12] Effects last between two and four hours.[12]
Starting at
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide |
Pronunciation |
Paracetamol /ˌpærəˈsiːtəmɒl/ or /ˌpærəˈsɛtəmɒl/ Acetaminophen i/əˌsiːtəˈmɪnəfᵻn/ |
Trade names | Tylenol, Panadol, others[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a681004 |
Licence data | US FDA:link |
Pregnancy category |
AU: A Not tested but seems to be safe |
Legal status |
AU: Unscheduled |
Routes of administration |
Oral, rectal, intravenous |
Bioavailability | 63–89%[2]:73 |
Protein binding | 10–25%[3] |
Metabolism | Predominantly in the liver[4] |
Metabolites | APAP gluc, APAP sulfate, NAPQI, APAP-GSH, APAP-cys[5] |
Biological half-life | 1–4 hours[4] |
Excretion | Urine (85–90%)[4] |
CAS Number | 103-90-2 |
ATC code | N02BE01 |
PubChem | CID: 1983 |
IUPHAR/BPS | 5239 |
DrugBank | DB00316 |
ChemSpider | 1906 |
UNII | 362O9ITL9D |
KEGG | D00217 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:46195 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL112 |
PDB ligand ID | TYL (PDBe, RCSB PDB) |
Formula | C8H9NO2 |
Molecular mass | 151.163 g/mol |
SMILES[show] | |
InChI[show] |
Density | 1.263 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 169 °C (336 °F) [7][8] |
Boiling point | 420 °C (788 °F) |
Solubility in water | 12.78[6] mg/mL (20 °C) |