Ketorolac or ketorolac tromethamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the family of heterocyclic acetic acid derivatives, used as an analgesic. Ketorolac was developed in 1989 by Syntex Corp. (now Roche Bioscience, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Roche holding Ltd., the parent company of Roche).[1] It was approved by FDA on 30 November 1989 and introduced as Toradol by Syntex.[2] The ophthalmic (i.e., eye-drop) form was approved by FDA on 9 November 1992 and was introduced as Acular eye drops by Allergan under license from Syntex.[3] An intranasal formulation of ketorolac tromethamine was approved by FDA on 14 May 2010 and introduced as Sprix Nasal Spray by Daiichi Sankyo[4] for short-term management of moderate to moderately severe pain requiring analgesia at the opioid level.
Starting at
(±)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro- 1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol |
Trade names | Toradol, Acular and Sprix |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a693001 |
Licence data | US Daily Med:link |
Pregnancy category |
AU: C US: C (Risk not ruled out) |
Legal status |
AU: S4 (Prescription only) US: ℞-only |
Routes of administration |
Oral, I.M., I.V. |
Bioavailability | 100% (All routes) |
Metabolism | Hepatic |
Biological half-life | 3.5–9.2 hrs, young adults; 4.7–8.6 hrs, elderly (mean age 72) |
Excretion | Renal: 91.4% (mean) Biliary: 6.1% (mean) |
CAS Number | 74103-06-3 |
ATC code | M01AB15 S01BC05 |
PubChem | CID: 3826 |
DrugBank | DB00465 |
ChemSpider | 3694 |
UNII | YZI5105V0L |
KEGG | D08104 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:6129 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL469 |
PDB ligand ID | KTR (PDBe, RCSB PDB) |
Formula | C15H13NO3 |
Molecular mass | 255.27 g/mol |
SMILES[show] | |
InChI[show] |