Tyrosine (Tyr or Y)[1] or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one of the 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. Its codons are UAC and UAU. The word “tyrosine” is from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese.[2][3] It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. Tyrosine is a hydrophobic amino acid.
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IUPAC name
(S)-Tyrosine
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Other names
L-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
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Identifiers | |
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CAS Number
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60-18-4 (L) |
ChEBI | CHEBI:58315 |
ChEMBL | ChEMBL925 |
ChemSpider | 5833 |
DrugBank | DB03839 |
IUPHAR/BPS
|
4791 |
Jmol interactive 3D | Image |
PubChem | 1153 |
UNII | 42HK56048U |
InChI[show] |
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SMILES[show] |
Chemical formula | C9H11NO3 |
Molar mass | 181.19 g·mol−1 |
Safety data sheet | See: data page |
NFPA 704 | ![]() |
Structure and
properties |
Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
Thermodynamic
data |
Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
Spectral data
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UV, IR, NMR, MS |