Valproate (VPA), also known valproic acid, sodium valproate, and divalproex sodium, is a medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches.[2] It is useful for the prevention of seizures in those with absence seizures, partial seizures, and generalized seizures. It can be given intravenously or by mouth. Long acting formulations exist.[2]
Starting at
2-propylpentanoic acid |
Trade names | Convulex, Depakote, Epilim, Stavzor, Vilapro |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682412 |
Licence data | US FDA:link |
Pregnancy category |
AU : D US : X (Contraindicated) – for control of conditions other than severe epilepsy not amenable to other drugs |
Legal status |
AU : S4 (Prescription only) CA : ℞-only UK : POM (Prescription only) US : ℞-only |
Routes of administration |
Oral, intravenous |
Bioavailability | Rapid absorption |
Protein binding | 80-90%[1] |
Metabolism | Hepatic—glucuronide conjugation 30–50%, mitochondrial β-oxidation over 40% |
Biological half-life | 9–16 hours[1] |
Excretion | Urine (30-50%)[1] |
CAS Number | 99-66-1 |
ATC code | N03AG01 |
PubChem | CID: 3121 |
DrugBank | DB00313 |
ChemSpider | 3009 |
UNII | 614OI1Z5WI |
KEGG | D00399 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:39867 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL109 |
NIAID ChemDB | 057177 |
Synonyms | 2-Propylvaleric acid |
Chemical data | |
---|---|
Formula | C8H16O2 |
Molecular mass | 144.211 g/mol |
SMILES[show] | |
InChI[show] |
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